![]() To give an indication of pool sizes, the European Association for Aquatic Mammals recommends that a pool for five dolphins should have a surface area of 275 m 2 (2,960 sq ft) plus an additional 75 m 2 (810 sq ft) for every additional animal, have a depth of 3.5 m (11 ft) and have a water volume of at least 1,000 m 3 (35,000 cu ft) with an additional 200 m 3 (7,100 cu ft) for every additional animal. In the absence of a common international regulation, guidelines regarding the minimum size of the pools vary between countries. The water in the pools has to be constantly filtered to keep it clean for the dolphins and the spectators, and the temperature and composition of the water has to be controlled to match the conditions dolphins experience in the wild. Many varied designs exist, but basic dolphinarium design for public performances often consists of stands for the public around a semi-circular pool, sometimes with glass walls which allow underwater viewing, and a platform in the middle from which the trainers direct and present the show. Särkänniemi Dolphinarium at Särkänniemi amusement park in Tampere, Finland, was formerly the most northern dolphinarium in the world. Japan, Mexico and the United States are also home to a relatively large number of dolphinariums. However, around 60 dolphinariums currently exist across Europe, of which 34 are within the EU. In 2005 both Chile and Costa Rica prohibited keeping cetaceans captive. The last dolphinarium in Hungary was closed in 1992. A prominent example is the United Kingdom in the early 1970s there were at least 36 dolphinariums and traveling dolphin shows, however, the last dolphinarium closed its doors in 1993. ![]() New legislation, most notably the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act in the United States, combined with a more critical view on animal welfare, forced many dolphinariums around the world to close. In these early days, dolphinariums could grow quickly due to a lack of legislation and lack of organised animal welfare. In 1966, the first dolphin was exported to Europe. In the 1960s, keeping dolphins in zoos and aquariums for entertainment purposes increased in popularity after the 1963 Flipper movie and subsequent Flipper television series. Recognizing the success of Marine Studios, more dolphinariums began keeping dolphins for entertainment. It was here that it was discovered that dolphins could be trained to perform tricks. Though cetaceans have been held in captivity in both North America and Europe by 1860- Boston Aquarial Gardens in 1859 and pairs of beluga whales in Barnum's American Museum in New York City museum- dolphins were first kept for paid entertainment in the Marine Studios dolphinarium founded in 1938 in St. Though animal welfare is perceived to have improved significantly over the last few decades, many animal rights groups still consider keeping dolphins captive to be a form of animal abuse.ĭolphinarium in Harderwijk, the Netherlands, Dutch newsreel from 1966 While trade in dolphins is internationally regulated, other aspects of keeping dolphins in captivity, such as the minimum size and characteristics of pools, vary among countries. The most common species of dolphin kept in dolphinariums is the bottlenose dolphin, as it is relatively easy to train and has a long lifespan in captivity. Despite this trend, dolphinariums are still widespread in Europe, Japan and North America. Since the 1970s, increasing concern for animal welfare led to stricter regulation, which in several countries ultimately resulted in the closure of some dolphinariums. Their popularity increased rapidly until the 1960s. While cetaceans have been held in captivity since the 1860s, the first commercial dolphinarium was opened only in 1938. Some dolphinariums consist of one pool where dolphins perform for the public, others are part of larger parks, such as marine mammal parks, zoos or theme parks, with other animals and attractions as well. ![]() The dolphins are usually kept in a pool, though occasionally they may be kept in pens in the open sea, either for research or public performances. JSTOR ( October 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī dolphinarium is an aquarium for dolphins.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. ![]() This article needs additional citations for verification. ![]()
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